Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Split-design approach enhances the therapeutic efficacy of ligand-based CAR-T cells against multiple B-cell malignancies

doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-54150-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Timeline of in vivo experiments. Consistent results were obtained in two independent experiments ( n = 5 mice). b Representative bioluminescence images of mice subjected to different treatments. Colors represent the luminescence intensity (red, highest; blue, lowest). c , d Quantification of the average radiance (p/s/cm /sr) of the luminescence, related to APRIL- ( c ) and BAFF-( d )-based CAR-T-cell therapy. Two-way ANOVA multiple comparisons in Dunnett correction were used to assess significance. e Evaluation of serum inflammatory cytokine release by ELISA 24 h after CAR-T-cell infusion. One-way ANOVA multiple comparisons in Tukey correction were used to assess significance. f , g Survival curves of the mice subjected to the indicated treatments. Survival curves were compared using the log-rank (Mantel‒Cox) test. h Timeline of in vivo experiments. Consistent results were obtained in two independent experiments ( n = 5 mice). i Representative bioluminescence images of mice subjected to different treatments. Colors represent the luminescence intensity (red, highest; blue, lowest). j Quantification of the average radiance (p/s/cm /sr) of the luminescence. Two-way ANOVA multiple comparisons in Dunnett correction were used to assess significance, comparing 9E10-IgG4m CAR-T (with Myc-BAFF) and CD19/CD22 CAR-T. k Evaluation of serum inflammatory cytokine release by ELISA 24 h after CAR-T-cell infusion. One-way ANOVA multiple comparisons in Dunnett correction were used to assess significance. l Assessment of the presence of persistent human CD3 + (hCD3 + ) T cells in peripheral blood by flow cytometry over a 3-week follow-up period. Two-way ANOVA multiple comparisons in Dunnett correction were used to assess significance, comparing 9E10-IgG4m CAR-T (with Myc-BAFF) with BAFF-CAR-T at each time point. m Survival curves of mice subjected to the indicated treatments, compared using the log-rank (Mantel‒Cox) test. All n represents biological replicates from different mice. Data in this figure are representative of one of two independent experiments. Error bars represent mean ± SEM. NS indicates not significant. Source data are provided in the Source Data file.

Article Snippet: For western blot, anti-human CD19 antibody (Boster, BM4935) and anti-human CD22 antibody (Boster, BM4178) were used to verify the KO efficiency .

Techniques: In Vivo, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Flow Cytometry

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Baohuoside I Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis and Protects Against Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.874952

Figure Lengend Snippet: BS reduced osteoclast number and decreased the uPAR levels in OVX mice. (A) HE staining. (B) TRAP staining. (C) Quantitation of TRAP‐positive cells. (D) Immunohistochemical staining for uPAR. (E) Quantitation of uPAR‐positive cells. (F) The serum level of uPAR was detected by ELISA. All bar graphs are presented as mean ± SD; n = 10. ∗ p < 0.05; ∗∗ p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: The serum levels of uPAR, β-CTX, CTX-I, PINP, OCN, ON, and OPN were evaluated by a mouse ELISA kit (Boster, Wuhan, China) according to the operation manual.

Techniques: Staining, Quantitation Assay, Immunohistochemical staining, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Blood Cancer Discovery

Article Title: Modulation of CD22 Protein Expression in Childhood Leukemia by Pervasive Splicing Aberrations: Implications for CD22-Directed Immunotherapies

doi: 10.1158/2643-3230.BCD-21-0087

Figure Lengend Snippet: Alternative splicing of CD22 in human B-ALL. A, Quantification of LSVs across transcripts encoding major B-cell immunotherapeutic targets from pediatric B-ALL samples from the NCI TARGET consortium. B, CD22 splice graph depicting splicing events across the 14 exons of CD22 in B-ALL, with specific depiction of CD22 Δex5–6 and CD22 Δex2* variants. C, Relative frequencies of reads originating in exon 1 (blue numbers) or terminating in exon 7 (green numbers) in normal B-cell precursors (top) and B-ALL (bottom). D and E, Stack plots depicting relative abundance of CD22 isoforms including/skipping exon 5 and 6 across TARGET dataset ( n = 219) and normal B-cell subtypes ( n = 25, from 11 individuals), respectively. BP, datasets corresponding to B-cell precursors obtained through the BLUEPRINT project; ped, pediatric samples. F and G, Stack plots depicting relative abundance of CD22 Δex2* variants across TARGET dataset and normal B-cell subtypes, respectively. H, RT-PCR analysis validating CD22 isoforms in the Nalm6 cell line. I, ONT-based long-read RNA-seq of CD22 transcripts in cells from a TCF3–HLF B-ALL PDX model (ALL1807). CD22 Δex5–6 and Δex2* variant transcripts are highlighted in yellow and purple, respectively.

Article Snippet: For detection of murine and human proteins, primary human anti-CD22 antibodies (Boster Bio, PB9691; R&D Systems, MAB19681) were used in combination with anti-rabbit or anti-mouse horseradish peroxidase–linked secondary antibodies (Cell Signaling Technology) and Amersham Enhanced Chemiluminescence Western Blotting Detection Reagent (GE Life Sciences).

Techniques: Alternative Splicing, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, RNA Sequencing, Variant Assay

Journal: Blood Cancer Discovery

Article Title: Modulation of CD22 Protein Expression in Childhood Leukemia by Pervasive Splicing Aberrations: Implications for CD22-Directed Immunotherapies

doi: 10.1158/2643-3230.BCD-21-0087

Figure Lengend Snippet: Biochemical and functional characterization of the CD22 Δex5–6 isoform. A, RT-PCR detection of CD22 Δex5–6 across 18 diagnostic de novo B-ALL samples driven by various genetic alterations. B, Western blotting using N-terminus–directed anti-CD22 antibody performed on CD22 -deleted OCI-Ly8 cells engineered to express CD22 Δex5–6 or FL isoforms. KO, knockout. C, Amino acid sequence of the peptide used for mAb production. D, RT-PCR detection of CD22 Δex5–6 in OCI-Ly8 cell lines from B , human B-ALL cell lines, and B-ALL PDXs. E, Western blotting using the 11F11 mAb performed on cells from D . F, Flow cytometric detection of CD22 KO, CD22 FL, and CD22 Δex5–6. FSC-A, forward scatter area. G, Western blotting demonstrating electrophoretic mobilities of CD22 isoforms treated with deglycosylating enzymes with or without denaturation. H, Western blotting detecting CD22 and total and phosphorylated (p) BLNK in derivatives from B treated with an anti-IgM antibody for indicated time intervals. I, Quantitation of pBLNK bands from H . The experiment was replicated twice with concordant results. J and K, In vitro killing assays performed on cells from B using HA22- and m971-based CD22 CAR T cells (CART22), respectively ( n = 2 technical replicates). Data in both panels are represented as mean values ± SD error bars.

Article Snippet: For detection of murine and human proteins, primary human anti-CD22 antibodies (Boster Bio, PB9691; R&D Systems, MAB19681) were used in combination with anti-rabbit or anti-mouse horseradish peroxidase–linked secondary antibodies (Cell Signaling Technology) and Amersham Enhanced Chemiluminescence Western Blotting Detection Reagent (GE Life Sciences).

Techniques: Functional Assay, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Diagnostic Assay, Western Blot, Knock-Out, Sequencing, Quantitation Assay, In Vitro

Journal: Blood Cancer Discovery

Article Title: Modulation of CD22 Protein Expression in Childhood Leukemia by Pervasive Splicing Aberrations: Implications for CD22-Directed Immunotherapies

doi: 10.1158/2643-3230.BCD-21-0087

Figure Lengend Snippet: CD22 protein expression in B-cell malignancies is limited by exon 2 inclusion. A, Flow cytometric detection of exogenously expressed CD22 protein in CD22 -deleted OCI-Ly8 cells using anti-CD22 antibodies directed toward either the extreme N-terminus (S-HCL-1) or the C-terminal region (RFB-4) of the extracellular domain. KO, knockout. B, Western blotting detection of CD22 in the same cell lines and parental controls using anti-CD22 antibodies directed toward the N-terminus (R&D Systems, MAB19681) and the C-terminus (Boster Bio, PB9691). C, Schematic annotating the CD22 exon splice junctions (gray arches) assayed using junction-spanning qPCR primers following treatment with Ex2In2 morpholino. Bottom right, morpholino sequence is shown in red, with complementary exon–intron junction sequence shown in blue/white. D, qRT-PCR detection of various CD22 mRNA isoforms in Reh B-ALL cells transfected for 48 hours with Ex2In2 (10 μmol/L and 100 μmol/L). Constitutive expression of ex13–14 junction was used as a measure of total CD22 expression ( n = 6, 2 independent experiments with 3 technical replicates each). *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001. ns, not significant. E and F, Detection of CD22 protein in the morpholino-treated Reh cells by Western blotting and flow cytometric site density assay, respectively ( n = 2 independent experiments). G, Viability assay performed on CD22 -deleted OCI-Ly8 cells reconstituted with indicated CD22 isoforms and treated for 24 hours with indicated concentrations of inotuzumab ( n = 3 technical replicates). IC 50 95% confidence intervals (CI) were as follows: 54–119 ng/mL for CD22 KO, 25–85 ng/mL for CD22 Δex2, and 5–11 ng/mL for CD22 Δex5–6. H, Bar graph representing IC 50 values from G . P values were determined using an unpaired t test. I, Viability assay performed on Ex2In2-treated (48 hours) and inotuzumab-treated (24 hours) Reh cells ( n = 3 technical replicates). Cell viability was assessed using the WST-1 assay. IC 50 95% CIs were 29–72 ng/mL for Ctrl treatment and 119–333 ng/mL for Ex2In2 treatment. J, Bar graph representing IC 50 values from I on the log scale. P values were determined using an unpaired t test. Data in D , F , H , and J are presented as individual and mean values ± SD error bars. Data in G and I are presented as mean values ± SD error bars.

Article Snippet: For detection of murine and human proteins, primary human anti-CD22 antibodies (Boster Bio, PB9691; R&D Systems, MAB19681) were used in combination with anti-rabbit or anti-mouse horseradish peroxidase–linked secondary antibodies (Cell Signaling Technology) and Amersham Enhanced Chemiluminescence Western Blotting Detection Reagent (GE Life Sciences).

Techniques: Expressing, Knock-Out, Western Blot, Sequencing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Transfection, Viability Assay, WST-1 Assay

Journal: Blood Cancer Discovery

Article Title: Modulation of CD22 Protein Expression in Childhood Leukemia by Pervasive Splicing Aberrations: Implications for CD22-Directed Immunotherapies

doi: 10.1158/2643-3230.BCD-21-0087

Figure Lengend Snippet: CD22 protein expression is limited by exon 2 inclusion in B-ALL cells. A, Correlation analysis of CD22 site density versus CD22 mRNA levels in pretreatment primary B-ALL bone marrow or peripheral blood specimens obtained from children enrolled on the COG AALL1621 phase II clinical trial. CD22 mRNA levels were measured by qRT-PCR using primers specific for the exon 13–14 (left) or exon 1–2 (right) junctions. CD22 expression was normalized to that of β-actin. Regression coefficients and P values are shown for each comparison. B, Relative expression of CD2 2 exon 2–containing and exon 2–skipping splice variants within baseline AALL1621 B-ALL specimens. Each stack plot represents a single patient (designated by the COG unique specimen identifier). Yellow arrow highlights PAYYZW as a sample apparently devoid of protein-coding CD22 mRNA isoforms. The legend shows color-coded CD22 splice variants. C, Flow cytometric quantitation of CD22 molecules in paired pre– and post–inotuzumab treatment (pre-ino/post-ino) bone marrow specimens from AALL1621 patient PAWUXD with multiply relapsed B-ALL. D, CD22 mutational analysis of the paired PAWUXD samples. E, CD22 exon 2 splicing analysis of the paired PAWUXD samples. For color coding, refer to legend in B . F, Flow cytometric quantitation of CD22 molecules in paired pre- and posttreatment (pre-ino/post-ino) bone marrow specimens from AALL1621 patient PAVDRV with multiply relapsed B-ALL. G, CD22 mutational analysis of the paired PAVDRV samples. H, CD22 exon 2 splicing analysis of the paired PAVDRV samples. For color coding, refer to legend in B .

Article Snippet: For detection of murine and human proteins, primary human anti-CD22 antibodies (Boster Bio, PB9691; R&D Systems, MAB19681) were used in combination with anti-rabbit or anti-mouse horseradish peroxidase–linked secondary antibodies (Cell Signaling Technology) and Amersham Enhanced Chemiluminescence Western Blotting Detection Reagent (GE Life Sciences).

Techniques: Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Comparison, Quantitation Assay